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AFRIKA

Afrika (Inggris : Africa) adalah benua terbesar kedua dunia dan kedua terbanyak penduduknya setelah Asia. Dengan luas wilayah 30.224.050 km² termasuk pulau-pulau yang berdekatan, Afrika meliputi 20,3% dari seluruh total daratan Bumi. Dengan 800 juta penduduk di 54 negara, benua ini merupakan tempat bagi sepertujuh populasi dunia.

Kata Afrika berasal dari bahasa Latin, Africa terra — “tanah Afri” (bentuk jamak dari “Afer”) — untuk menunjukkan bagian utara benua tersebut, saat ini merupakan bagian dari Tunisia, tempat kedudukan provinsi Romawi untuk Afrika. Asal kata Afer mungkin dari bahasa Fenisia, ‘afar berarti debu; atau dari suku Afridi, yang mendiami bagian utara benua dekat Kartago; atau dari bahasa Yunani aphrike berarti tanpa dingin; atau dari bahasa Latin aprica berarti cerah.

Afrika adalah tempat tinggal manusia yang paling awal, dari benua ini manusia kemudian menyebar ke benua-benua lain. Afrika adalah tempat di mana garis evolusi kera menjadi berbeda dari protohuman tujuh juta tahun yang lalu. Afrika merupakan satu-satunya benua yang ditinggali nenek moyang manusia hingga sekitar dua juta tahun lampau ketika Homo erectus berkembang ke luar Afrika menuju Eropa dan Asia. Lebih dari 1,5 juta tahun kemudian, populasi dari tiga benua itu mengikuti evolusi yang berlainan sehingga mereka menjadi spesis yang berbeda. Yang di Eropa menjadi Neanderthal, yang di Asia tetap Homo erectus, tetapi yang di Afrika berevolusi menjadi Homo sapies.

Afrika adalah yang terbesar dari ketiga benua di belahan selatan Bumi dan yang terbesar kedua setelah Asia dari semua benua. Luasnya kurang lebih 30,244,050 km2 (11,677,240 mil2) termasuk kepulauan disekitarnya, meliputi 20.3% dari total daratan di bumi dan didiami lebih dari 800 juta manusia, atau sekitar sepertujuh populasi manusia di bumi.

Dipisahkan dari Eropa oleh Laut Tengah, Afrika menyatu dengan Asia di ujung timur lautnya melalui Terusan Suez yang memiliki lebar 130 km.

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